Pharmaceutical Lean Manufacturing efforts have been hampered by a lack of personnel who understand Lean and can communicate its principles to their peers. Unfortunately, Lean training courses are all too often oriented towards other industries. There is a limited number of people that have done Lean in a pharmaceutical environment, says Izak Duenyas, Ph.D., a University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) business school professor. Courses are often taught using aerospace or auto parts language. We think that pharmaceutical people shouldnt have to translate this.